![]() livelihoods, food security) to which type of shock (e.g. To be useful in practice, it is important to refine this definition by specifying the resilience of which outcome (e.g. Recent work by the OECD defines resilience in the context of food and agriculture as the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, and more successfully adapt and transform in response to adverse events. Instead, farmers and supply chain actors, governments, and other stakeholders need to take a proactive approach focused on building resilience. The services provided by food systems are too important to rely on a “reactive” approach of dealing with shocks after they occur. The disruption of livelihoods due to COVID-19 also threatened many households' access to food. Although food supply chains in OECD countries adapted relatively quickly, there were bottlenecks in farm labour, processing, transport and logistics amid a momentous shift in demand. Safeguarding the essential services provided by food systems in the face of shocks is thus critical.ĬOVID-19 put unprecedented stresses on food systems. At the same time, food systems are vulnerable to a wide range of shocks, including natural disasters, conflicts, animal disease outbreaks, and policy shocks. Food systems provide essential services in terms of food security and nutrition and livelihoods.
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